A forgotten cup of coffee will gradually cool down as its heat flows into the cooler surrounding air, but in the quantum realm, it appears this experience can be turned on its head. As a result, we ...

More than 200 years ago, Count Rumford showed that heat isn’t a mysterious substance but something you can generate endlessly through motion. That insight laid the foundation for thermodynamics, the ...

When laser light passes through a cavity filled with atoms, part of it can do useful work (for instance, charge a quantum battery, top), whereas the other part turns into “heat” (bottom). Credit: ...

The physics of thermodynamics, which involves quantities like heat and entropy, offers well-established tools for determining how far from equilibrium an idealised system of particles is. But when it ...

What if the key to unlocking artificial general intelligence (AGI) lies not in brute computational power but in something as unassuming as thermal noise? Imagine a world where AI systems capable of ...

What if the future of artificial intelligence wasn’t just faster or smarter, but fundamentally more sustainable? Picture this: a world where the energy demands of AI no longer threaten to outpace our ...

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USC engineers have developed an optical system that routes light autonomously using thermodynamic principles. Rather than relying on switches, light organizes itself much like particles in a gas ...

Joint research led by Sosuke Ito of the University of Tokyo has shown that nonequilibrium thermodynamics, a branch of physics that deals with constantly changing systems, explains why optimal ...

Demand for computing power—fueled largely by artificial intelligence (AI)—shows no signs of abating. Yet, as AI becomes a potent force in the world, a basic truth emerges: CPUs and GPUs are butting up ...

Just over 200 years after French engineer and physicist Sadi Carnot formulated the second law of thermodynamics, an international team of researchers has unveiled an analogous law for the quantum ...