A comparative study of four Deep Reinforcement Learning algorithms PPO, QR-DDPG, DDPG, and SAC applied to continuous portfolio optimization across a 25-asset universe. Integrates transaction cost ...

ABSTRACT: Oracle-based quantum algorithms cannot use deep loops because quantum states exist only as mathematical amplitudes in Hilbert space with no physical substrate. Critically, quantum wave ...

The bipedal wheel-legged robot combines the high energy efficiency of wheeled movement with the terrain adaptability of legged locomotion. However, achieving a smooth transition between these two ...

Abstract: The Airline Scheduling Problem (ASP) has significant economic and operational value in air trans portation management. However, its complexity and dynamics make traditional mixed integer ...

Abstract: Interest in applying Reinforcement Learning (RL) to Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) is experiencing a rapid and substantial expansion. Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), a well-known RL algorithm ...