Abstract: In this paper, we propose three modular multiplication algorithms that use only the IEEE 754 binary floating-point operations. Several previous studies have used floating-point operations to ...

Abstract: Montgomery modular multiplication (MMM) in residue number systems (RNS) uses a base extension (BE) technique. This is to avoid division, which is hard, slow and costly in RNS. It is somewhat ...

👉 Learn how to find the inverse of a linear function. A linear function is a function whose highest exponent in the variable(s) is 1. The inverse of a function is a function that reverses the "effect ...