Abstract: Spot beam focusing (SBF) is the process of focusing the signal power in a small spot-like region in the 3D space, which can be either hard-tuned (HT) using traditional tools like lenses and ...

Abstract: In this paper, a metalens generating 13.5-nm Bessel beam for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) application is proposed. The beam intensity profile at different NA are demonstrated, and the ...

The landscape of open-source artificial intelligence has shifted from purely generative models toward systems capable of complex, multi-step reasoning. While proprietary ‘reasoning’ models have ...