In some ways, Java was the key language for machine learning and AI before Python stole its crown. Important pieces of the data science ecosystem, like Apache Spark, started out in the Java universe.

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. Dr. Lance B. Eliot is a world-renowned AI scientist and consultant. We need to give airtime to new AI architectures if we want to ...

Many developers associate machine learning and large language models with Python. That makes sense because Python was the first choice for many early adopters, and it remains popular today. But ...