The reason it makes sense NOT to jump into deep packet inspection (or, as you ask, starting at L1), is that starting at an app layer you have a holistic view of *every* possible link in the chain. If ...

The Open System Interconnect (OSI) network model, referred to by many as simply a stack, is in fact a well-designed, layered architecture for efficient intersystem and intrasystem communications. In ...

First, and foremost, the OSI stack is just a theoretical reference model. There is no actual OSI software. It has been around since about 1980, and it is based upon recommendations from the ITU-T and ...

The OSI model defines protocols for how a network technically handles communications at the various functional layers. Starting with electrons and photons at the physical layer (Layer 1), the model ...

The third layer of the OSI Model, the network layer, is where most network engineers focus their time and expertise. As Darragh commented in my post on the data link layer, Layer 2 is cool but Layer 3 ...

The line between middleware and application software is blurred, which is why this chapter introduces both together. Middleware is software that has been abstracted out of the application layer for a ...

For many years, security monitoring relied on gathering data from layer 4 of the OSI model through such data types as NetFlow. Because layer 4 data dealt with the transport layer, it isn't the most ...

As cybersecurity threats grow more sophisticated, traditional network architectures struggle to keep pace, especially in sectors reliant on legacy hardware. IMPRES Technology Solutions has introduced ...

Peeling back the layers of IoT devices reveals most of them are nothing more than what are already on the Internet in the form of present-day M2M devices. In just six years, according to Cisco Systems ...